The Citadel, Amman, Jordan, D700 January 2018 016

            Located at the northern section of the upper level of Jabal al-Qal’a in Amman, the Palace Complex was built over the remains of Roman construction, rundown and exploited by the Umayyads for various purposes. The complex was probably built during the reign of the Umayyad Caliph Hisham, between 724 and 743 AD and was used as an administrative centre and governor’s residence. The Umayyad Palace is actually just the big house of one of the Governors’ of the Territory of Jordan during the Umayyad Dynasty and was also used by subsequent occupiers like the Fatimids, Mamluks, ..etc.

The palace differs in plan and architecture from the rest of the desert palaces in Jordan. It is composed of three main areas; an open space for gathering people with a large water cistern (17.5m in diameter and 5m deep) with a column in the centre to measure the water level, and supplied water to the baths, latrines and other areas of the settlement. The second part contains a well preserved and decorated audience hall (24x26m), built on the foundation of a Byzantine church, which gave the structure its cruciform plan and served as the entrance hall to the Umayyad Palace Complex. Stucco ornaments decorating the hall also reflect Persian influences; narrow columns and arches bearing saw-tooth patterns (which was also found at Kharraneh palace) and vegetal embellishments arranged geometrically or circumscribing a tree-trunk (e.g. rosettes, palmettes). The third part consists of nine independent buildings which represent the central part of the palace and lie mostly in ruins, but whose foundations are clearly visible. 
    
The audience hall is the most significant part of the whole palace edifice. It is one of the most famous archaeological buildings not only at Amman citadel but in all of Jordan. It was built by Abdel-Malik Ibn Marwan to be used as a reception hall where he could meet his expeditions and army leaders. In 1998 the hall was roofed by a modern wooden dome to allow the structure to be used more easily for modern cultural events. A mosque was located just outside the complex, and the non-religious section was accessed through the palace entrance hall where visitors were received.

The palace and mosque have different orientations as the mosque had to face the direction of Mecca, while the palace’s orientation was controlled by the existing foundations on which it was built.

In 749 AD a strong earthquake destroyed many of those buildings. Around a year later, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad rule and renovated and divided the residential units into smaller rooms using cruder walls than the previous ones.

Taken on: December 28, 2017

Tags:

giordania

jordan

medio oriente

الأردن

Jordanien

約旦

ヨルダン

citadel

amman « less

Sets appears in: • Jordan, Nikon D700

Groups appears in: • Magic Moments • Love more » • !FlickrSoup for Soul • cityscapes • iFlickr • Historical places • City • The FLICKYS 2014 - (Coming Soon!) • Imagination • Love is.... • Flickritis: over 87,000 waiting for a vaccine. • Lonely Planet • Photography Corner • Statues and Sculptures. • Ancient • This • Your photo goes here! no 30/60 • History is All Around Us • FOTOGRAFÍA, aprendamos juntos • Views: 2000 • * Travel Photography for World Nomads * • * Flickr en Español • 50 faves (No SL/computer generated images please). • *Inspirational Travel Photos • Digital Photography School • *Karma* • worldwidewandering - a travel atlas • City Scape • La photographie du voyage • Old City - Add 1 / Award 1 • Lonely Planet Publications: Photobook • World Archaeology & Arts/ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑ&ΤΕΧΝΕΣ-Rea • Ciudades del Mundo [Español] • Extraordinary Compositions • Your Best Photography • I collect light • Viajar / Travel • PHOTO NOW • Nikon - Pixelistes - Portal Nikonistes • FOTOGRAFI ALLO SBARAGLIO! • Traveler's Photos • Lovely City! • "Smörgåsbord" (Unlimited Posting - Award 3) • Love it!_Award 5 photos • "Topic" • city & the streets • PERSONAL BEST - Preserving Meaningful Moments • I am flickr! - No 30/60 Limit • "World Trekker" (Post 7 - Award 3) • CUADROS Y MONUMENTOS/ART-PICTURES & MONUMENTS(POST 1,COMMENT 1) • Nikon 14-24mm f/2.8 AF-S • Cityscape and urban scenery • City Scapes & Street • Flickr Number One !! • Historical and architectural gems • City Skylines (Buildings,Cities) • LE FOTO CHE AMIAMO DI PIU' - PICTURES WE LOVE MOST • 50+ Faves • 50+ Comments • Dismissing Explore-50+favs images with no explore only!!!!! • Life is Beautiful ♥ - Temporarily CLOSED • worldlightning • Inspirational Photography • !*Flickr Award Group*! (GIVE 5 AWARDS) • Light... • NIKKOR 14-24mm f/2.8G • ♦♦♦ BELLE INQUADRATURE ♦♦♦ • D700 Discovery Group • CITY SCAPES. • D700 24-70Mmm/F2.8 • ★★★Shutter Bug - Tips & Tricks★★★ • ♦♦♦ TUTTI I FOTOGRAFI DEL MONDO ♦♦♦ • FREEDOM❥自由❥свобода❥자유❥LIBERTAS❥حرية • Mostrar tu tierra (Post 1 Award 2) • ₪ HISTORY & MYSTERY Society ₪ Add 1 | Award 3 • Las 4 estaciones&The 4 seasons. Vivaldi (P 1/C 2) • Theatre Of Life • ♦♦♦ TAGLIO FOTOGRAFICO ♦♦♦ • ♦♦♦ TUTTI GLI SCATTI DEL MONDO ♦♦♦ • Only "The Best" are Memories through Photography • FLICKERIANS • Have a Nice Day!!! • Historical Places -P1/C1 • [][][]splendid life[][][] • FroKnowsPhoto.com • ♦♦♦ OCCHIO FOTOGRAFICO ♦♦♦ • Cityscapes Anywhere • CITIES of the WORLD - Città del Mondo - P1/C3 - Now moderated • Arte in Italia e nel mondo - Art in Italy & in world - P1/ C1 • ℑ ♡ This Sℌℴt • Flickr OBSESSION' • Il nuovo manifesto della fotografia artistica • ♥ ♥ ♥ IMMAGINI - FOTO - SENTIMENTI ♥ ♥ ♥ • Gli amici di Marina • TLP - Travel Light Photography • ♦♦♦ PHOTO VERY NICE ♦♦♦ • 60+ Seniors' Shooting — Beauty And Fine Perception • Photo Tips • Good photo,good details--Film preferred • Libro de Fotos / Photo Book • la casa di Nadia & Valerio • il club di simpio96 • NUESTRAS FOTOGRAFÍAS. • Ladrón De Momentos • fotografi per caso • PLANET EARTH URBAN LANDSCAPES • Sierpes Street, Seville and The World • Se ti va commenta!-please no children • Photographers aged 50 + • Inspire a holiday or trip • Sube lo que quieras / Up what you want • Images About Almost Anything • Made with heart • Just Awesome Pictures • Good - Clik • Photography with a Story • Quelli che scattano con la Reflex • ㋡ flickr ○● DEPOT ㋡ • !*ALL ARE WELCOME*! • Nikon Holy Trinity 14-24 2.8, 24-70 2.8, 70-200 2.8 • Hobi-Fotografi (hobby photographers)Only high quality Photo • Today's Flickr • !*Flickr All Stars*! • Jardins des Ombres ; garden of shadows ; Garten der Schatten • post any photo • Image Creative and Research (No 60/30 limits) • Fotografía de cualquier tipo. • Show All Your Photos From Around The World. NO SL/AI • Group for all users of FLICKR - No 30/60 Groups Limit • Momentos para no olvidar • Fotoviajeros • iClick! • Django's Master Class Photo Group • A happy life starts here • A. LOST WORLD • The best picture of the world • Flickr Worldwide. • !*Only Your Best*! • Urban scapes • ηαтυяє • My favourite Photographers • ㋡ SMICKR = SmugMug + Flickr ㋡ • Smorgasbord of Beautiful People, Amazing Nature and Places • The best photographs from around the world. • Flickr Photo Album Unlimited & Instant Posting • Nice Places to Visit - No 30/60 Limit - Photos & Videos Welcome. « less

Camera: Nikon D700, f/11.0, 1/500 sec, 17mm, ISO 320 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Nikon D700
Aperture:	f/11.0
Exposure Time:	0.002 sec (1/500)
Focal Length:	17mm
ISO:	320
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Flash:	No Flash
Exposure Program:	Program AE
Exposure Mode:	Auto
Metering Mode:	Multi-segment
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	sRGB
Software:	Ver.1.03
Show full info

Stats: 4,505 views / 13 comments

Link to this photo view:
Link to this photo large view: