Chief John Ross Home historical marker - Rossville, Georgia

Text of the above historical marker placed by the Georgia Historical Commission:
This comfortable two-story log house was the home of Cherokee Chief John Ross from boyhood until he went west over the "Trail of Tears," losing his Indian wife enroute. Although only one-eighth Indian himself, Ross was the elected "Principal Chief" of the Cherokee Nation for 40 years and their advocate for justice for 57 years. He voluntarily chose exile with his people. In the war of 1812, Ross served with a regiment of Cherokees under Gen. Andrew Jackson against the Creek allies of the English. This house was built in 1797 by John McDonald, grandfather of John Ross.

Full history of the John Ross Home:
Born in 1790 at Turkeytown on the Coosa River in Alabama, John Ross was the son of a Scotsman of loyalist sympathies and a mother, mostly Scottish but one-quarter Cherokee. Educated at Maryville College and Kingston Academy in Tennessee, his first political mission came in 1809 when he was just 19 years old. The U.S. Indian agent, Jonathan Meigs, sent him as an emissary to the western Cherokees on the Arkansas River. From that time on he was forever in the service of his people.

In the Creek War of 1812, Ross volunteered and served as adjutant for the Cherokee detachment in the forces of General Andrew Jackson. He made a name for himself at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, March 27, 1814 in one of the bloodiest Indian fights in the history of the United States. In a savage no quarter battle some 2,000 men under Jackson, including 500 Cherokees, fought a barricaded force of about a thousand Creeks. While Jackson's forces pounded the Creek breastworks, the Cherokee swam the Tallapoosa River, got behind the enemy position and scattered the Creek boats and canoes. Attacked from both sides and without means of retreat, the Creek force was virtually annihilated with a loss of more than 800 killed.

In 1817 he became a member of the National Council of the Cherokee and succeeded to the presidency, a position he held until 1826. Chosen a member of the National Committee of the Cherokee Council in 1817, he drafted the reply to the United States Commissioners who were sent to negotiate the exchange of the Cherokee lands for others west of the Mississippi. As President he was instrumental in the introduction of school and mechanical training and led in the development of the civilized autonomous government embodied in the republican constitution adopted in 1827. In that year he was made Associate Chief with William Hicks and president of the Cherokee constitutional convention.

John Ross moved to this two-story square timber log house following , the confiscatory acts of the Georgia legislature in 1830. When the State extended its jurisdiction over the Cherokee lands, Ross was ejected from his very fine home on the Coosa River in the vicinity of Rome, Georgia.

The following year he was chosen principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation & held that position until removal in 1839. During these years, Ross led the National Party faction of the Cherokee with an iron discipline which sustained the majority of his people in opposition to a succession of removal treaties. He led countless delegations of protest beginning with the Georgia confiscatory acts of 1830. He bitterly opposed the Ridge-Boudinot faction which began to urge negotiation toward a treaty and successfully outmaneuvered & intimidated the pro-treaty faction down to the very moment of forced removal in 1838 when he himself turned to negotiate protective arrangements for the Cherokee as best he could.

He led his people in exile beyond the Mississippi on the dreadful "Trail of Tears" into Oklahoma along which they buried a fourth of their kinsmen and there contributed significantly to the new constitution of 1839, uniting the western and eastern Cherokee under one government. In that year he was chosen Chief of the United Cherokee Nation, although his position was disputed by a southern Cherokee faction and the United States government during the Civil War when he sought to keep the Cherokee neutral. However, in 1861, he signed a treaty of alliance with the Confederacy, which was repudiated in 1863. When federal troops invaded the Territory in 1862, he moved to Philadelphia. He died in Washington, D.C. where he had gone to assist in making the Cherokee treaty of 1866.

John Ross was one of the most prominent of the Chiefs of the Cherokee nation. He has had as many violent critics as he has had warm defenders. There are those who charge that his ruthless resistance to a treaty of removal caused his people the hardships he so earnestly sought to avoid. Others argue that it was in the honor and interest of the Cherokee people for him to have done nothing less. Nevertheless, Ross' ability as a statesman, diplomat, and leader cannot be questioned. The fact that he was for forty years the head of his nation is evidence that he possessed the confidence of the majority of his people.

This home was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on November 7, 1973 for its association with Chief John Ross. All of the information above was found on the original documents submitted for listing consideration & can be seen here:
npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/AssetDetail/ba15e8d8-c1b5-48a7-817...

Three bracketed photos were taken with a handheld Nikon D7200 and combined with Photomatix Pro to create this HDR image. Additional adjustments were made in Photoshop CS6.

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Taken in: United States / Georgia / Rossville (show map)

Taken on: September 6, 2023

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Chief John Ross House

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served as adjutant for the Cherokee detachment in the forces of General Andrew Jackson

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Associate Chief with William Hicks

President of the Cherokee constitutional convention

Chief of the Cherokee Nation

led his people on the dreadful 'Trail of Tears'

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one of the most prominent of the Chiefs of the Cherokee nation

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John Ross Home historical marker

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Camera: Nikon D7200, f/5.6, 25mm, ISO 320 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Nikon D7200
Aperture:	f/5.6
Focal Length:	25mm
ISO:	320
Color Space:	Uncalibrated
Software:	Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Windows)
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