Hugo Gellert Leads Anti-Fascist Protest: 1928

Picketers organized by Hugo Gellert (believed to be 2nd from left) picket the White House March 23, 1928 in protest of President Calvin Coolidge receiving a delegation from the Horthy regime in Hungary.

In 1927, Gellert was appointed the leader of the Anti-Horthy League, the first American anti-fascist organization. Gellert was an artist and committed communist who produced some of the more memorable left-wing posters and drawings 1915-45.

The protesters were promptly arrested, including Gellert’s wife Livia (believed to be woman on far right).

Admiral Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya sided with Yugoslavia, Romania and Czechoslovakia to overthrow the Hungarian Soviet in 1919. He established a government that ruled by decree and instituted the “white terror” that summarily executed communists and other perceived opponents of the regime. He allied with Nazi Germany in World War II and provided troops for the invasion of the Soviet Union.

As the Soviet counterattack began advancing toward Eastern Europe, Horthy attempted to make peace with the Allies and was overthrown by Hitler Horthy is sometimes credited with establishing the first fascist government in Europe in the pre World War II era.

The names on the placards shown in the photo are:

Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian hero who fought for democratic rule in the 1800s and briefly gained power before being overthrown.

Ivan Hejjas, Hungarian counterrevolutionary leader of a militia that committeed atrocities during the “white terror” that followed the fall of Bela Kun’s Hungarian Soviet in 1919. The Horthy regime is sometimes credited with being the firs fascist government in Europe I the pre World War II period.

Baron Zsigmond Perényi de Perény (25 November 1870 – 18 March 1946) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Interior Minister in 1919. During the Hungarian Soviet Republic, he was arrested by the communists. He later served in the Hungarian government in World War II that was part of Nazi German’s Axis.

Vilmos Pal Tomscanyi was the interior minister of Admiral Horthy who overthrew the soviet government of Bela Kun in 1919 and instituted the “white terror” that summarily executed communists and other perceived opponents of the new government. He later served as an occupation governor of the World War II regime allied with the German Nazis.

For more information and related images, see www.flickr.com/gp/washington_area_spark/wDJ20e

The photographer is unknown. The image is an auction find.

Taken on: March 23, 1928

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Sets appears in: • Anti-Fascist Protests: 1930s

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