The Postcard
A postcard that was published by Lofthouse, Crosbie & Co. of Tower House, Trinity Square, London E.C. The card was posted in Sutton using a 1d. stamp on Wednesday the 24th. December 1924. The card was sent to:
Miss Elliott,
'Collingwood',
80, Beckenham Road,
Beckenham,
Kent.
The message on the divided back of the card was as follows:
"23. 12. 24.
Just a line of grateful
thanks for your very
kind remembrances of
me this Xmas. (What
about Peter??)
A most happy Xmas to
you all.
Don't forget the Sutton
house.
R."
A Plane Crash in Croydon
So what else happened on the day that the card was posted?
Well, on the 24th. December 1924, eight people died in an Imperial Airways de Havilland DH.34 crash, seconds after taking off from Croydon Airport. It was Great Britain's worst air disaster to date.
The pilot was 34 year old David Stewart, a British Great War flying ace. He was credited with sixteen aerial victories. Remarkably, they were all scored while he was flying bombers rather than fighters.
On 22 April 1918 Stewart was awarded the Military Cross. His citation read:
"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty.
On one occasion, when returning from bombing
an enemy dump, he was intercepted by a formation
of thirty hostile machines.
He attacked the leader and shot his machine down
out of control, whilst his observer shot down another
enemy scout.
He then fired a burst at another large scout, which
dived down vertically out of control. On his observer
being hit whilst engaged with another four machines,
he spun down 4,000 feet and dived for our lines.
Later, when on photographic duty, he was attacked
by five enemy scouts, three of which were accounted
for by his observer and himself.
In the face of heavy odds, his courage, skill and fine
fighting spirit have been most conspicuous."
For more on the crash, please search for the tag 27CRY79
The Babbs Switch Fire
Also on that day, the Babbs Switch fire killed thirty-six people in a one-room school house at Babbs Switch, Oklahoma. Whole families died, and more than half the dead were children.
It is the sixth-deadliest school fire on record in the United States.
-- The Start of the Fire
The fire started during a Christmas Eve party attended by over 200 people. A Christmas tree decorated with lighted candles stood at the front of the room, and presents were placed on the tree to be distributed to the children in attendance at the end of the program.
The fire began when a teenage student dressed as Santa Claus was removing presents from the tree to give to the children. The candle flames ignited paper decorations, tinsel, and dry needles and spread quickly to the stage and the greater structure of the building.
People rushed to the building's single door, which opened inward and was soon jammed with panicking people. Escape through the windows was blocked because they were covered with secure metal screens to prevent vandals from breaking into the school.
One boy was able to escape through a window because someone succeeded in prying open a corner of one of the screens.
The dead and injured were transported by car to Hobart, the nearest sizable town, and a makeshift morgue was set up in a downtown building.
The next day, 32 people were reported dead, and 37 injured were reported in Hobart hospitals. Four died of their injuries, bringing the number of dead to 36.
One child, three-year-old Mary Edens, was reported as missing, but her body was not found. Her aunt Alice Noah, who escaped from the building but died several days later, said that she recalled carrying Mary out of the building and handing her to someone she did not know.
The investigation identified multiple factors that compounded the severity of the fire. The NFPA stated:
"It is hardly conceivable that conditions could
have been worse, even in so rudimentary a
structure as this one-story building."
The building was overcrowded, with the number of people in attendance clearly exceeding the room's capacity. The NFPA said there were 200 to 250 people in attendance in a 25 by 36 foot room, while the Oklahoma Inspection Bureau said that there were 150 people in a 20 by 36 foot room.
The schoolhouse was a light wood-frame building, which offered no fire resistance. Gas lamps were used to light the building, which quickly exploded due to the heat from the fire.
The ceiling had been freshly painted with white oil paint, which made the fire flash over once it reached the ceiling.
Lighted candles on a Christmas tree were a well-known fire hazard, and the Oklahoma Inspection Bureau noted that having the teenage Santa Claus remove presents from the branches of the lighted tree was very risky.
The one usable door to the building opened inward, which is hazardous in emergency situations because a crowd pressing against the door will make it impossible to open. The NFPA report said there was only one door, while the Oklahoma Inspection Bureau report noted that there was a second door, but that door opened into a coal bin that had been added after the school was built and thus was not a usable exit.
The windows were covered with secure metal screens. There was no firefighting equipment in the building, and there was no running water anywhere near the school.
-- Aftermath of the Babbs Switch Fire
The survivors and families of the victims received charitable donations locally and from around the country. Hobart Mayor F.E. Gillespie appointed a committee to ensure proper care for the children who were orphaned by the fire.
The day after the fire, 25 children from Muskogee, Oklahoma sent a box of their new Christmas toys to the children who survived the fire. A finance committee in Hobart in charge of managing cash donations distributed a total of $12,803.
In the years prior to the fire, the Oklahoma State Fire Marshal had attempted, due to their known safety risks, to identify all the one-room, one-door schoolhouses in Oklahoma, but county superintendents had not been forthcoming with that information.
The fire galvanized school officials and concerned citizens, who voluntarily requested safety inspections for their schools. By February 1925, the fire marshal's office had received over 400 requests for inspections, and over 150 schools had already been inspected and had made the safety improvements recommended by the fire marshal.
In response to the fire, the state of Oklahoma passed the Fawks Bill, which increased fire safety requirements for schools. This law required all schools to have a minimum of two doors, and all school doors were required to open outward. Any window screens had to be removable from the inside, and schools had to keep fire extinguishers on the premises.
Copies of the law were sent to every school official in the state so no one could claim ignorance of the new standards.
A new school was built on the site in 1925 but closed in 1943 when the Babbs Switch district was annexed into the nearby Hobart and Roosevelt districts. A stone monument, which bears a short description of the fire and a list of the dead, currently stands on the site of the former school.
-- The Edens Hoax
The Babbs Switch fire gave rise to a hoax. Because three-year-old Mary Edens' body was not recovered, her parents hoped that she had somehow survived the fire.
In 1957, Grace Reynolds of Barstow, California came forward, claiming to be the long-lost child. Reynolds and the Edens family were reunited on the air during an episode of the Art Linkletter's House Party television program.
Reynolds later wrote a book about her experiences entitled Mary, Child of Tragedy: The Story of the Lost Child of the 1924 Babbs Switch Fire.
A local newspaper editor knew the story to be fraudulent, but withheld the information until 1999 at the request of Mary Edens' father, who believed that his wife could not endure losing her child a second time.