#Streetcovid (Explored 18/12/2020) - a photo on Flickriver

#Streetcovid (Explored 18/12/2020)

StreetCovid youtu.be/oiHf6oBA1t8

#89 in Explore

Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor a monument of history and architecture of the 18th century, in the past - the central wholesale Gostiny Dvor, from the beginning of the 20th century - a department store. Architect Jean Baptiste Wallen-Delamot. It is under the protection of UNESCO. Located in the historical center of St. Petersburg, it occupies a quarter between Nevsky Prospekt (house number 35), Sadovaya Street, Lomonosov Street and Perinnaya Line. The building overlooks the lobby of the Gostiny Dvor metro station.

The commercial premises of the Gostiny Dvor are 13,000 m², while the area of the entire complex of buildings of the department store is 78,000м

The forerunner of this Gostiny Dvor was the Mytny Dvor near the Green Bridge by architect N.F. Gerbel. When it burned down in a fire in 1738, it was decided not to restore the old building, but to build a new Gostiny Dvor closer to the city border.

Gostiny Dvor was created as the largest retail space in the Russian Empire.

The history of its creation begins with the decree of Elizabeth (1748) on the construction of Gostiny Dvor on one floor in the cellars with galleries. In 1752, the building was conceived as a two-story building.

In the 1750s, Rinaldi's project was rejected.

In 1757, the Rastrelli project was approved. The construction was to be financed by merchants. In 1758, a decree was issued "on the construction of the stone Gostiny Dvor according to the plan of the chief architect Rastrelli"; the shops built by the merchants were commanded to give them into the eternal and hereditary possession .According to Rastrelli's project, the building was supposed to be richly decorated with stucco and sculptures and not be inferior to palaces in splendor. Work began in 1757, but funding issues dragged on, and the project was eventually revised.

Ultimately, Vallen-Delamot became the author of the Gostiny Dvor. He retained the general layout of Rastrelli and built the building in the early classicism style. Construction lasted over twenty years - from 1761 to 1785 .

In the 1840s, Gostiny Dvor became one of the first buildings where gas lighting was

Nevskaya line, view from the street
During the war, the building was badly damaged by bombing and shelling. The competition of projects for the restoration of Gostiny Dvor began to be held back in the blockade - in 1942. In 1945-1948, the Gostiny Dvor was restored.

The restoration of the building was carried out according to the project and under the guidance of the famous Leningrad architect O. L. Lyalin. The facades again took on a form close to Delamot's plan; a new pediment decorated with deep bas-reliefs was erected over the main portico. A linden alley was planted along the main facade along Nevsky Prospekt.

On October 14, 1948, by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Gostiny Dvor was recognized as an architectural monument subject to state protection.

In 1955-1967, a new reconstruction was carried out. Architects I. A. Vaks and L. S. Katonin and engineer M. I. Yunoshev (Lenproekt Institute) turned the previously isolated shops into a cross-section. 178 stores were replaced by a single department store "Gostiny Dvor" - the main department store in Leningrad. On November 3, 1967, a metro station was opened in the building. The ground lobby, built into the building of the department store, was designed by architects A.K. Andreev, Ya. E. Moskalenko, engineer S.P.Schukin. From the lobby you can get to the trading halls of the Nevskaya and Sadovaya lines. Above the escalator is a stained-glass window (artist A. L. Korolev), which depicts the shooting of the July 1917 demonstration at the intersection of Sadovaya Street and Nevsky.

Location of trading places along the lines. 1917
The line, near the Gostiny Dvors, is the same as the shopping mall in relation to a part of the market; a chain of trading places ("shops"), stretching in a straight line along the city passage or (in the case of an internal location) parallel to other lines. The names of the lines were given according to the type of goods offered in the corresponding malls, or by the names of the streets to which the given mall goes.

The building of Bolshoy Gostiny Dvor in St. Petersburg has four street facades of different lengths. In a clockwise listing:

Sadovaya street - the longest facade
Chernyshev Lane (now Lomonosov Street) - the shortest facade
Perinnaya Street (together with Dumskaya Street were considered two separate streets) - the second longest facade
Nevsky Prospect is the third longest facade
In addition to trading places located in lines along the facades of the historic building, as well as in its courtyard, as of 1917, the Bolshoi Gostiny Dvor also included lines located in buildings on the opposite side of the streets:

along Chernyshev Lane
along Dumskaya street in two parts, north and south
on Nevsky Prospect
This enumeration includes facades (lines):

buildings of Maly Gostiny Dvor on Chernyshev Lane and Dumskaya Street, which together with the facade along the Catherine Canal (now the Griboyedov Canal) made up the so-called furniture rows
the building of the City Duma at the corner of Nevsky and Dumskaya streets, where the so-called silver rows were located on the first floor.
As of 1917, the lines and independent trading rows of Gostiny Dvor, both in the main building and outside it, were called:

Mirror line (now Sadovaya line) - all rows along Sadovaya street
Bolshaya Surovskaya line (now Perinnaya line) - all rows of the main building facing Perinnaya street, and through it to Dumskaya (today both of them are considered to be sides of the same Dumskaya street)
Malaya Surovskaya Line (now Lomonosovskaya Line) - the rows of the main building facing Chernyshev Lane (now Lomonosov Street)
Banking Line (ceased to exist) - shopping arcade on the side of Chernyshev Lane opposite to the buildings of Bolshoy and Maly Gostiny Dvors, from Sadovaya Street to Ekaterininsky Canal
The line along Nevsky Prospekt (the current name is Nevskaya Line) - the historical name Sukonnaya Line was lost by 1916.

Taken on: December 15, 2020

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