Maqam Arba'in مقام الاربعين

            جبل الأربعين يقع في دمشق ويعتبر أعلى قمة لجبل قاسيون؛ ويطل على مدينة دمشق العاصمة، وتقع في الجبل مغارة الدم أو مغارة الأربعين، والتي تقول الرواية ان أول جريمة في التاريخ وقعت فيه.تسمى هذه المغارة مغارة الأربعين لأنها تحوي أربعين محراباً تقعفوقها؛ وفي زاوية هذه المغارة فتحة تمثل فماً كبيراً يظهر اللسان الأضراس والأسنان وسقف الفم وأمامها على الأرض صخرة عليها خط أحمر يمثل لون الدم لذا تسمى مغارة الدم.بني في الجبل جامع الأربعين. وتروي قصص التاريخ والأساطير أن قابيل قتل أخاه هابيل في هذا المكان ليشهد أول جريمة قتل في التاريخ الإنساني فشهق الجبل لهول هذه الجريمة؛ وفتح فمه يريد أن يبلع القاتل ففر وفي كلام آخر إنه أي الجبل شهق من هول ما رأى جريمة القتل.والرواية الثانية للأسطورة تقول ان هناك أربعين وليا يحمون مدينة دمشق ويسكنون المغارة. 

Maqam al-Arba’in is a shrine on Jabal Qasiyun built on the site where the Biblican and Koranic murder of Abel son of Adam by his brother Cain is believed to have taken place. Within the cave is an image of a mouth in the rock, said to have been formed when the cave cried out at the awful deed.

Next to this is a small shaft into the mouth of the mountain which is believed to be, according to local tradition, the place from which the spirit of Damascus’ 40 saints descends every night and ascends with the break of dawn. The mihrabs (prayer niches) on the upper floor of the shrine are believed to be where the 40 saints pray the night vigil prayers every night. Two other sacred mihrabs are located on the lower level of the shrine and are believed to be the spots at which Abraham and Al-Khidr prayed respectively during their flight through Damascus. Al-Khidr is a mythical Islamic figure whose identity remained undisclosed, but whose relationship to Moses and his unquestionable divine wisdom is mentioned in the Koran’s famous Surat Al-Kahf.

The caretaker then gave us the tour; according to legend, when Cain killed Abel, the mountain gasped in shock and began to crumble. The caretaker pointed out the ‘mouth of the mountain’, a gaping cavern with a rock shaped and positioned like a tongue, as well as the place where the Angel Gabriel put his hand in the roof of the cave to stop the mountain falling. Nearby is the stone with which Cain killed Abel and a stone basin where the mountain’s ‘tears’ are still gathered.

Taken on: January 17, 2022

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