Sunrise from the Summit at Pico da Bandeira (Flag Peak) at 2,892 m (9,488 ft) MSL, Caparaó National Park, on the border between the municipalities of Ibitirama (Espírito Santo State) and Alto Caparaó (Minas Gerais State), Brazil.

            legends and history

Pico da Bandeira is considered the highest point in exclusively Brazilian territory, but, in fact, it is registered as the third highest in the country, with about 2,892 meters / 9,488 ft , when compared to the peaks of Neblina, with 2,993 meters / 9,819 ft, and the 31st of March, with 2,972 meters / 9,750 ft. However, both are located on the border between Brazil and Venezuela and, therefore, are not entirely national. These heights were recently updated, in the Pontos Culminantes Project, by IBGE.

The title of the highest peak in Brazil was given in 1859, when D. Pedro II had the Brazilian flag hoisted at the top of the elevation. As for the name of the Park, some historians argue that the word caparaó has an indigenous origin and means “water flowing from the rocks”. There are those who say that there are other meanings, such as: crooked river house or house of cover (capara)  — a building made with mats, common in high and cold places.

However, an amusing legend contradicts the story. According to popular reports, in the region where today the Park is located, there was a very angry ox called Ó. As this ox always scared away anyone who tried to capture it, the herdsmen made a joint effort and after many days and struggles, they finally caught the animal. As proof of such bravery, they decided to castrate it, and the rumor spread: “caparam o Ó / they castrated it”. In Portuguese, "CaparaÓ"!

The place has other historical dates, such as the year 1967, when the Movimento Nacionalista Revolucionário (MNR) promoted an armed uprising, called “Guerrilha do Caparaó”, which contested the dictatorial regime and, according to historians, was idealized by Leonel Brizola and sponsored by Cuban statesman Fidel Castro. There was great national repercussion, the guerrillas remained for months in Serra do Caparaó, until they were denounced. In 2007, the journalist from Espírito Santo, José Caldas da Costa, launched the book “Caparaó – The first guerrilla against the dictatorship”. In the launch, former guerrilla fighter Araken Vaz Galvão stated: “We took Caparaó out of geography and placed him in history”.

PS On the left is the descent by Calçado and Calçado Mirim peaks.

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Taken in: Brazil / Minas Gerais / Caparaó Velho (show map)

Taken on: March 5, 2023

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Sets appears in: • Caparaó National Park, Altitude ranges from 997 to 2,890 metres (3,271 to 9,482 ft), Caparaó Mountain Range, on the border of the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo, Brazil.

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Camera:	Apple iPhone 11 Pro Max
Aperture:	f/1.8
Exposure Time:	0.005 sec (1/215)
Focal Length:	4.2mm
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Exposure Program:	Program AE
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