Mysterious & Beautiful - Black Forest Spruce

            Today, these dense stands of beautiful spruce trees are the hallmark of the Black Forest. However, they are not natural. They were planted. Huh? See below. 

From Wikipedia (the German Edition says the same thing): 
"Originally, the Black Forest was a mixed forest of deciduous trees and firs. At the higher elevations spruce also grew. In the middle of the 19th century, the Black Forest was almost completely deforested by intensive forestry and was subsequently replanted, mostly with spruce monocultures." 

OKAY, BUT WHO DECIDED ON SPRUCE MONOCULTURES AND MADE IT HAPPEN?

Some people have told me that the re-planting was promulgated by France's Napoleon I or II to produce future lumber for e.g. ship building. That does not seem to make sense. Nap I died in 1821 and Nap II died in 1832. 

Can any of you (e.g. Thomas B) tell us the real story? 

Location: Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. 
In my album: Dan's Landscapes: Southwest Germany.

Taken on: January 31, 2015

Tags:

spruce

trees

snow

forests

audand

NIkon

Nikon D90

Nikon DX

Black Forest

Schwarzwald

Baden-Württemberg

Deutschland

Germany

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Sets appears in: • Dan's Landscapes: Southwest Germany

Groups appears in: • Agriculture • Blue - Green Culture! more » • Nikon DX • Nikon D90 • Fabulous Foliage --- No Flower(s) as Main Story • Water, Snow, Ice and Frost • *Mágico Mundo Natural * Magical Natural World * « less

Camera: Nikon D90, f/13.0, 1/160 sec, 52mm (=78mm), ISO 200 (more info) (hide info)

Camera:	Nikon D90
Lens:	AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6G ED
Aperture:	f/13.0
Exposure Time:	0.006 sec (1/160)
Focal Length:	52mm (35mm equivalent: 78mm)
ISO:	200
Exposure Bias:	0 EV
Exposure Program:	Shutter speed priority AE
Exposure Mode:	Auto
Metering Mode:	Multi-segment
White Balance:	Auto
Color Space:	Uncalibrated
Software:	GraphicConverter 11 (11.3.3)
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